List of Russian rulers

Monarchy of Russia
Former Monarchy
Imperial
Imperial Coat of arms
Nicholas II
First monarch	Andrei Bogolyubsky (as Grand Prince)
Last monarch	Nicholas II (as Emperor)
Style	His/Her Imperial Majesty
Monarchy started	1168
Monarchy ended	15 March 1917
Current pretender	Nicholas Romanov (Nikolaevichi branch) Maria Vladimirovna (Vladimirovichi branch)

The vast territory known today as Russia covers an area that has been known historically by various names, including Rus', Kievan Rus', the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, and the sovereigns of these many nations and throughout their histories have used likewise as wide a range of titles in their positions as chief magistrates of a country. Some of the earliest titles include Kniaz and Velikiy Kniaz, which mean "Prince" and "Great Prince" respectively but are often rendered as "Duke" and "Grand Duke" in Western literature; then the title of Tsar, meaning "Caesar", which was disputed to be the equal of either a king or emperor; finally culminating in the title of Emperor. The full title of the Russian Emperors, according to Article 59 of the 1906 Russian Constitution, was given as:

Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonesos, Tsar of Georgia, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Finland, Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigalia, Samogitia, Belostok, Karelia, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria and other territories; Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhni Novgorod, Sovereign of Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislavl, and all northern territories; Sovereign of Iveria, Kartalinia, and the Kabardinian lands and Armenian territories - hereditary Lord and Ruler of the Circassians and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Oldenburg, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth.

The Patriarchs of Moscow, who are the head of Russian Orthodox Church, also have acted as the leaders of Russia from time to time, usually in periods of political upheaval as during the Polish occupation and interregnum of 1610–1613.

Contents 1 Grand Princes of Novgorod and Kiev (c. 860–1240) 2 Grand Princes of Vladimir-Suzdal (1168–1389) 3 Grand Princes of Moscow (1283–1547) 3.1 Rurik Dynasty 4 Tsars of Russia (1547–1721) 4.1 Rurik Dynasty 4.2 Time of Troubles (1598–1613) 4.2.1 Godunov Dynasty 4.2.2 Usurper 4.2.3 Shuysky Dynasty 4.2.4 Usurper 4.2.5 Council of Seven Boyars (27 July 1610 – 4 November 1612) 4.2.6 Council of All the Land (17 April 1611 – 26 July 1613) 4.3 House of Romanov 5 Emperors of Russia (1721–1917) 5.1 House of Romanov 6 Pretenders to the Russian throne since 1917 7 See also 8 External links

Grand Princes of Novgorod and Kiev (c. 860–1240)

See Grand Prince of Kiev

Grand Princes of Vladimir-Suzdal (1168–1389)

• Andrei Bogolyubsky (1168–1174), 1st Grand Prince of Vladimir, son of Yuri Dolgoruki
• Mikhail (1174–1176), son of Yuri Dolgoruki
• Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176–1212), eleventh son of Yuri Dolgoruky
• Yuri II (1212–1216), third son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
• Constantine I (1216–1218), eldest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
• Yuri II (1218–1238), restored
• Yaroslav II (1239–1246), fourth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
• Sviatoslav III (1246–1248), sixth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
• Mikhail Khorobrit (1248), 4th son of Yaroslav II
• Andrew II (1248–1252), 3rd son of Yaroslav II
• Alexander Nevsky (1252–1263), 2nd son of Yaroslav II
• Yaroslav III (1264–1271), son of Yaroslav II
• Vasily of Kostroma (1272–1277), youngest son of Yaroslav II
• Dmitri of Pereslavl (1277–1294), second son of Alexander Nevsky
• Andrey of Gorodets (1294–1304), son of Alexander Nevsky
• Michael of Tver (1304–1318), second son of Yaroslav III
• Yuri of Moscow (1318–1322)
• Dmitry of Tver (1322–1326)
• Alexander of Tver (1326–1327)
• Ivan I of Moscow (Ivan the Moneybag) (1328–1341)
• Simeon of Moscow (Simeon the Proud) (1341–1353)
• Ivan II of Moscow (Ivan the Fair) (1353–1359)
• Dmitri of Suzdal (1359–1362)
• Dmitri Donskoi (1363–1389)

Grand Princes of Moscow (1283–1547)

Honour monopolized by rulers of Moscow principality, but see also Grand Prince (of Lithuania)

Rurik Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Grand Prince From	Grand Prince Until
	Daniel	1261–1303	1283	4 March 1303
	Yuri	1281–1325	4 March 1303	21 November 1325
	Ivan I (the Moneybag)	1288–1340	21 November 1325	31 March 1340
	Simeon (the Proud)	1316–1353	31 March 1340	27 April 1353
	Ivan II (the Fair)	1326–1359	27 April 1353	13 November 1359
	Dimitri I (of the Don)	1350–1389	13 November 1359	19 May 1389
	Vasily I	1371–1425	19 May 1389	27 February 1425
	Vasily II (the Blind)	1415–1462	27 February 1425	27 March 1462
	Ivan III of Russia (the Great)	1440–1505	5 April 1462	6 November 1505
	Vasily III	1479–1533	6 November 1505	13 December 1533
	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	1530–1584	13 December 1533	26 January 1547

Tsars of Russia (1547–1721)

Rurik Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	1530–1584	26 January 1547	28 March 1584
	Feodor I	1557–1598	28 March 1584	17 January 1598

Time of Troubles (1598–1613)

Godunov Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Boris Godunov	1550/ c. 1551–1605	3 March 1598	23 April 1605
	Feodor II	1589–1605	23 April 1605	11 June 1605

Usurper

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	False Dmitriy I	1581–1606	30 June 1605	27 May 1606

Shuysky Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Vasili IV Shuysky	1552–1612	27 May 1606	27 July 1610

Usurper

Portrait	Name	Born–Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	False Dmitriy II (nominally)	1582–1610	27 July 1610	21 December 1610

Council of Seven Boyars (27 July 1610 – 4 November 1612)

(From 6 September 1610 for absent Władysław IV Vasa):

• Prince Fyodor Puto Ivanovich Mstislavsky
• Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky (to March 1611)
• Mikhail Fyodorovich Nagoy (from March 1611)
• Prince Andrey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy
• Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn (to 8 April 1611)
• Ivan Simeyonovich Kurakin (from 8 April 1611)
• Prince Boris Mikhailovich Lykov-Obolenskiy
• Ivan Romanov
• Fedor Sheremetev

Council of All the Land (17 April 1611 – 26 July 1613)

(In opposition to the Poles and Władysław IV Vasa):

• Prince Dmitry Pozharsky
• Prokopy Petrovich Lyapunov (to 1 August 1611)
• Prince Dmitry Timofeyevich Trubetskoy
• Ataman Ivan Martynovich Zarutsky (to 7 August 1612)

House of Romanov

Monarch	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Tsar From	Tsar Until	Death
Mikhail		12 July 1596 Moscow son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov and Kseniya Ioannovna Shestova	Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova 1624 one stillborn child Eudoxia Lukyanovna Streshneva 5 February 1626 ten children	26 July 1613	14 July 1645	14 July 1645 Moscow aged 49
Alexei		9 May 1629 Moscow son of Tsar Mikhail and Eudoxia Lukyanova Streshneva	Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya 17 January 1648 13 children Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina 1 February 1671 3 children	14 July 1645	29 January 1676	29 January 1676 Moscow aged 46
Feodor III		9 June 1661 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya	Agaphia Simeonovna Grushevskaya 28 July 1680 one son Marfa Matveievna Apraksina 24 February 1682 no children	29 January 1676	7 May 1682	7 May 1682 Moscow aged 20
Peter I the Great jointly with Ivan V 1682-1696		9 June 1672 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	7 May 1682	2 November 1721	8 February 1725 aged 52
Ivan V jointly with Peter I		6 September 1666 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Maria Ilyinichina Miloslavskaya	Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova 1684 5 daughters	2 June 1682	8 February 1696	8 February 1696 aged 29

Emperors of Russia (1721–1917)

(Also Grand Dukes of Finland from 1809 until 1917; and Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1916)

The monarchs listed below reigned with absolute power until 1905, and then with executive and administrative powers from 1905-1917.

House of Romanov

Monarch	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Emperor From	Emperor Until	Death
Peter I the Great		9 June 1672 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	2 November 1721	8 February 1725	8 February 1725 aged 52
Catherine I		15 April 1684 Ringon, Duchy of Livonia daughter of Samuel Skowroński and Elisabeth Moritz	Peter I of Russia 1707 9 children	8 February 1725	17 May 1727	17 May 1727 Saint Petersburg aged 43
Peter II		23 October 1715 Saint Petersburg son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and Princess Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	unmarried	18 May 1727	30 January 1730	30 January 1730 Moscow aged 14
Anna		7 February 1693 Moscow daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova	Frederick Wilhelm, Duke of Courland November 1710 no children	13 February 1730	28 October 1740	28 October 1740 aged 47
Ivan VI		23 August 1740 Saint Petersburg son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia	unmarried	28 October 1740	6 December 1741	16 July 1764 Shlisselburg (murdered) aged 23
Elizabeth		29 December 1709 Kolomenskoye daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I	Alexey Razumovsky 1742 no children	6 December 1741	5 January 1762	5 January 1762 aged 52
Peter III		21 February 1728 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein son of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna	Princess Sophie Friederike Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 16 August 1745 one son	5 January 1762	9 July 1762	17 July 1762 (murdered) Ropsha aged 34
Catherine II the Great		2 May 1729 Stettin, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire daughter of Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp	Peter III of Russia 16 August 1745 one son	9 July 1762	6 November 1796	6 November 1796 Saint Petersburg aged 67
Paul I		1 October 1754 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Peter III and Empress Catherine II	Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 29 September 1773 one stillborn daughter Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg 26 September 1776 ten children	17 November 1796	23 March 1801	23 March 1801 (assassinated) Saint Michael's Castle, Saint Petersburg aged 46
Alexander I the Blessed		23 December 1777 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Louise of Baden 28 September 1793 2 daughters	24 March 1801	1 December 1825	1 December 1825 Taganrog aged 47
Constantine I (disputed)		27 April 1779 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 26 February no children	1 December 1825	26 December 1825	27 June 1831 Vitebsk aged 52
Nicholas I the Conqueror		6 July 1796 Gatchina son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Charlotte of Prussia 13 July 1817 7 children	26 December 1825	2 March 1855	2 March 1855 Saint Petersburg aged 58
Alexander II the Liberator		29 April 1818 Moscow son of Emperor Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 16 April 1841 8 children	2 March 1855	13 March 1881	13 March 1881 (assassinated) Saint Petersburg aged 62
Alexander III the Peace-Maker		10 March 1845 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)	Princess Dagmar of Denmark 9 November 1866 6 children	13 March 1881	1 November 1894	1 November 1894 Livadiya, Crimea aged 49
Nicholas II		6 May 1868 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 26 November 1894 5 children	1 November 1894	15 March 1917	17 July 1918 (murdered) Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR aged 50
Mikhail II (disputed)		22 November 1878 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Natalia Brassova 15 October 1911 one son (born before his parents' marriage)	15 March 1917	16 March 1917	12 June 1918 (murdered) Perm, Russian SFSR aged 39

See List of leaders of Russia for the continuation of leadership.

Pretenders to the Russian throne since 1917

• Nicholas II (1917–1918)
• Vacant (1918–1924)
• Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia (1924–1938) of the Alexandrovichi Branch
• Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia (1938–1992)
• Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (1992–Present) of the Vladimirovichi branch
  • Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, heir apparent and son of Maria Vladimirovna, of the Vladimirovichi branch.
• Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia (1992–Present) of the Nikolaevichi branch
  • Prince Dimitri Romanovich of Russia, heir apparent and brother of Nicholas Romanov

See Line of succession to the Russian throne

See also

• Rulers of Russia family tree
• Timeline of Russian history
• Coronation of the Russian monarch
• List of Russian consorts

External links

• Godunov to Nicholas II by Saul Zaklad
• (Russian) Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal

Sovereigns of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Grand Principality of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire Grand Princes Yuri Dolgorukiy · Andrei I Bogolyubsky · Mikhail of Vladimir · Vsevolod the Big Nest · Yuri II of Vladimir · Konstantin of Rostov · Yuri II of Vladimir (second reign) · Yaroslav II of Vladimir · Sviatoslav III of Vladimir · Andrey II of Vladimir · Alexander Nevsky · Yaroslav of Tver · Vasily of Kostroma · Dmitry of Pereslavl · Andrey of Gorodets · Michael of Tver · Yuri of Moscow · Dmitry the Terrible Eyes · Alexander of Tver · Ivan I · Simeon (the Proud) · Ivan II · Dmitry Donskoy · Vasily I · Vasily II · Ivan III (Ivan the Great) · Vasily III Tsars Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) · Simeon Bekbulatovich · Ivan IV (second reign) · Feodor I · Boris Godunov · Feodor II · Dmitry II (False Dmitry I) · Vasili IV · Vladislaus (formally) · Michael I · Alexis · Feodor III · Ivan V and Peter I (co-rulers) · Peter I Emperors Peter I (Peter the Great) · Catherine I · Peter II · Anna · Ivan VI · Elizabeth · Peter III · Catherine II (Catherine the Great) · Paul · Alexander I · Nicholas I · Alexander II · Alexander III · Nicholas II

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